12 Jul 2010

It's the End of the Web as We Know It

The following essay is also my AdAge column this week.

Wither the web? It's hard to believe but soon, if not already, the web is going to become a lot less interesting to consumers -- and just as it approaches its 20th birthday.
 
According to Morgan Stanley, within five years global internet consumption on mobile devices will surpass the same activity on PCs. This sounds like good news. It's natural to think that browsers on the third screen (phones) and the fourth screen (tablets) will simply replace time spent in front of the same on a PC. That's not the case.
 
Mobile devices, by their nature, force users to become more mission-oriented. As more internet consumption shifts to gadgets, it's increasingly becoming an app world and we just live in it. Innovation, fun, simplicity and single-purpose utility will rule while grandiose design and complexity will fall by the wayside.
 
It won't be enough just to build branded mobile applications that repurpose content across all of the different platforms. That's like newspapers taking the print experience and replicating it on the web as they tried back in the 1990s. Rather, we will need to rethink, remix and repackage information for an entirely different modality than platforms of yore.
 
First, let's look at the trends.
 
1) The canvas. The iPad has been deemed by some a blank slate. When you use any mobile device, you're really only able to do one thing at a time. This means that we become entirely engrossed in whatever we have on the screen. Companies will need to up the ante if they hope to keep users in their fold longer. Development costs will go up, and the economics of content and experiences will look more like Hollywood -- where a few hits deliver enough profit to pay for the dogs -- than Madison Avenue.
 
2) Content snacking. How often do you consume media meals -- e.g. engage with a unit of media like a newspaper, magazine or film from start to finish in one sitting? My guess is that you do this less than you did 10 years ago. Content snacking rules today. Popular digital metrics, such as time spent, may soon be useless.
 
3) Infinite choice. It never ceases to amaze me what a single mobile device can hold. Every time I turn on my phone, my finger needs to decide what's more important to me at that time -- friends, work, entertainment, etc. Choice will scale, human attention is finite, and mobile devices put all of this in our pockets. Time is your competition.
 
To succeed, here are three new behaviors we need to consider:
 
1) Adoption. Marketing and media has long been about invention. We like to control our own destiny by bringing to bear the best content and experiences we can muster. However, in an app world it's easier to seek out those who have been successful and partner or acquire them. That's the road chosen by Disney with its purchase of Tapulous, and eBay (an Edelman client) with its acquisition of Red Laser.
 
2) Collaboration. In the mobile world, there's strength in numbers. To fight shrinking attention spans, companies will need to increasingly create partnerships to cut through the noise. Look for applications to pop up that are co-branded and curate content in high-interest verticals.
 
3) Context. When it comes to mobile, one size doesn't always fit all. Content producers will need to rethink how they package up information and chunk it down. ESPN, for example, is rolling out mobile applications that cater to local markets, in addition to wider offerings that are all things to all people.
 
Marketers and media companies must adapt to this new construct -- and fast -- or they will get left behind.
 
Photo credit: #53/365 BlackBerry Apps by Tatsuhiko+ (RIM is an Edelman client)
23 Jun 2010

Essay: The Apple Threat to Online Advertising

The following essay is also my column this month on Forbes.com.

Caption: Safari's new Reader view could rob publishers of page views especially if it finds its way into iOS devices

Watch Out: Apple May Aim To Reshape Online Advertising

Apple, without a doubt, is creating a massive sea change in how we interact with digital content. Note that I didn’t say “the Web.” This is because the millions of iPad and iPhone users spend more time within Apple’s walled garden of apps rather than in a browser. However, there’s a potential dark side to the millions of Apple devices being sold and it should give every marketer pause.

If you look just below the surface of all the hype around the iOS devices (the iPads, iPod Touches and iPhones), there’s a dirty little secret. Apple might be positioning the platform as a Trojan Horse that reshapes digital advertising as one man—Apple CEO Steve Jobs—thinks it should work. While this messianic zeal benefits users, it could conceivably create a competitive moat for Apple and its partners.

Jobs has more than a passing interest in online advertising. He co-authored a patent filing in 2008 called “Advertisements in Operating System.” Now Apple has put into place systems that handicap existing dominant formats like rich-media ads and interstitials.

Case in point: Safari. On June 7, the day Apple unveiled the new iPhone, it also shipped Safari 5. The browser, available for both PCs and Macs, has a feature called Reader that neutralizes multipage articles and interstitial ads by giving the user the option to read an article in a new clean view that strips away all but the text of the article.

A primary benefit of the new Reader view is that it allows a user to consume a multipage story without having to endure multiple clicks, interstitials and a new set of banner ads. This sounds great but it may rob publishers of ad impressions.

Now, granted, no one is saying that Safari is a powerhouse. It has a minuscule 10% share, according to Net Applications. However, keep in mind this feature is found only in the desktop version of Safari today. There’s no reason why Apple wouldn’t bring Reader to the growing armada of iOS devices—which commands an 60% share of all mobile browsing, according to Quantcast. The end result may be that more publishers will flock to the App Store and iAds.

Equally troubling is Apple’s posture toward rich-media ads. In the April open letter “Thoughts on Flash” Apple and Jobs clearly outlined why they are not allowing Adobe to push forward with its plans to bring the technology to the iOS ecosystem.

Most of Jobs’ arguments were primarily based on technology issues and user experience. Ads were only mentioned briefly. However, if you read between the lines, there may be another motive. Apple could be trying to pave the road for the success of iAds. (Disclosure: Edelman, my employer, is Adobe’s PR agency.)

The takeaway here is that as iOS devices grow in popularity, the platform encourages advertisers to increase their iAd budget and/or develop their own apps. This benefits developers and iAds advertisers. Now, I’m no lawyer, but it’s conceivable that if the iOS platform one day achieves any kind of dominant position the way Windows has, this may be viewed as an anti-competitive move.

No single company will ever control the Web. However, as Apple’s power grows and it begins to push into advertising with new formats, it must not put up roadblocks to other formats as it has done in the case of Flash or could do with its Reader view. Pressure from CMOs and others in the industry like the Association of National Advertisers and the IAB will ensure that even as Apple devices gain share advertisers will have the same freedom of choice in how they advertise in the post-PC age that they did in the previous era.

30 Apr 2010

Thoughts on Media Reforestation and Algorithmic Journalism

Over a year ago, I published an essay on Media Reforestation. In a nutshell, it's my belief that all tangible forms of media will be in sharp decline or extinct in just a few years. I followed that up this week with some more thoughts for the folks at WeMedia, which you can read in full or view as a PDF below.

Media Reforestation Part II: Algorithmic Journalism

It's a quiet April Saturday afternoon in Long Island, NY and I am holed up on the second floor of the Book Revue, writing this essay on my iPad. I could have not chosen a more ironic venue or a more ironic device to pen a think piece about the impact mobile devices will have on media consumption and creation. The Book Revue is one of the last independent bookstores on Long Island, a sprawling New York City suburb. However, it remains a popular hangout for local book lovers, families and singles. The store even attracts a who's who from the literary world for big book signings. That said, I know that my writing days here are numbered. You see, the Book Revue, just like countless of video rentals stores, arcades and newspaper printing presses, will one day fall victim to Media Reforestation.

In less than five years, all tangible media - everything you can see, touch, taste and smell - will be in sharp decline or extinct. This includes printed books, magazines and newspapers but also DVDs and disc-based video games. With connectivity slowly becoming ubiquitous and devices like the iPad, smart phones, the Kindle and netbooks becoming popular and relatively affordable, it's far less likely that we'll be consuming media in anything but a downloadable form. Every day a newsprint reader dies and she isn't replaced.

Media reforestation has been well chronicled. All of these devices are a runaway hits. And all one needs to do is look at the sorry state of newspaper industry financials to see that digital pennies are not, in the words of former NBC exec Jeff Zucker, ever going to replace analog dollars anytime soon. But the changes to come will be even more destructive. That's because they will involve algorithms.

Last decade the big story was how technology enabled all of us to become publishers. However, the reality is quality content remains work. Many people don't have the time or the motivation to consistently churn it out. Truth: those who did manage to attract large followings all worked their tails off to get there. People like Gary Vanyerchuck, Chris Brogan and Jeff Jarvis, just to name three, attained and scaled their influence thanks to a mix of talent and elbow grease. But that was the first chapter of media reforestation. Chapter two is about to begin and tablets and smart phones will take center stage, enabling us to all subconsciously publish and media to form like magic out of algorithms.

Content creation today still requires intent - thought then action. However soon we will be able to put our gadgets on autopilot and have them automatically contribute to the process even when they are safely tucked away in our pockets, pocketbooks and backpacks. When these millions of gadgets become powerful, always-on servers it will revolutionize media.

FourSquare is the beginning. Although the emerging location based service "only" has one million users, it is able to spot trends in data and surface news. When I checked in during the 140 Character Conference earlier this month, Foursquare was able to detect a swarm of check-ins from this one location and determine that news was breaking here - and it awarded me a special badge. Now imagine that our gadgets collect and publish automatically and on a mass scale. FourSquare could turn that data into a news service on the fly. It's services like these that will totally reinvent media, yet again, by opening up to the masses.

Servers - yes, servers - in our pockets will collect data automatically (and anonymously). Cloud services will aggregate this information and - on the fly - create media, some of which we will consume on the go. These consumption patterns will create more data and start the cycle all over again. Rich devices like iPads, iPhones, Blackberries, Kindles and their successors will collect, serve and assemble media on our behalf and in a very personalized way.

Here's what this might look like...

Novelist John Grisham recently made news when he became one of the last holdouts to make his books available on the Kindle. It's a one-size-fits-all experience. He writes. We consume - and on connected devices.

In the near future however, Grisham (or whomever is his successor) will write just the beginning of a novel and then publish it electronically - omitting the ending. Those who purchase it will determine the ending, but not in a manual, Choose-Your-Own Adventure way but in a much more personalized fashion. Ebook devices will spot trends among these Grisham readers and shape the ending based on data they're willing to share in exchange for a more personalized experience. Books won't be seen as static creations but living breathing things. Novels will have several endings that are based on the speed, physical location and duration of our collective reading habits.

It's not just books that will be reshaped by always-connected devices. As more of us consume video on the go, the same algorithmic model could reshape all storytelling, including TV and motion pictures as well.

Just as during the rise of social media, however, the news business will be the first to feel the impact of algorithmically generated media. As our devices begin to collect and share information in aggregate about our habits and environment (privacy concerns not withstanding), local and topical news sites will seamlessly form on the fly, curating torrents of tweets, news stories, images and videos about breaking news.

Tablets and smart phones are powerful, connected devices that we tote everywhere. But as more of them multitask and publish what we allow them to, automatically, it will further revolutionize media and perhaps one day make editing a relic of the past.

(download)

9 Apr 2010

The Tablet-only Challenge - a Friday Update

Photo: The "front 24" - my most essential apps.

Friday is here and I am five days into my week-long experiment of using my iPad as my primary computer both at home and in the office. To recap: I am continuing to use my phone (mostly when I am away from my desk) and I am only using my home/office computers for basic file management and more complex tasks that require it, like editing PowerPoint decks. All email, writing, note taking, Tweeting and web work takes place on the slate.

In short, it's going really really well. I believe that when this experiment ends I will continue to use the iPad as my primary computer, though I may use my PC more than I do now, especially when I am in the office. I am also looking forward to trying out other slates, like HP's (an Edelman client.)

Some general observations...

First, you would be surprised what a joy it is to have a device that: turns on instantly, requires no saving (!), is completely silent and has incredible battery life. This should be the default for every system. I can't stand noisy computers and my MacBook Air is by far the nosiest I have ever used. It also has terrible battery life. With the iPad, I can go almost 12 hrs with wifi and Bluetooth on.

Second, there's no doubt in my mind that the iPad marks a pivotal moment in the history of computing. People want computing to be simpler. And there will be lots of winners and competitors to deliver on this promise. And while multitasking is now coming to the iPad in the fall with version 4.0, I am not particularly keen on it. I like that I can only do one thing at a time. It makes it easier to focus on the task at hand.

Finally, I notice that now when I use my phone it feels, well, tiny! I am using my smart phones less and using the iPad more. However, I am sure that it will balance out over time. So net net, for most I don't see the iPad replacing a PC but complementing it (as is Apple's intent). However, as more apps that take advantage of the full canvas are developed, that could change.

Some thoughts on productivity and creativity...

First, slates are perfect go-everywhere writing machines, despite what some say about their potential for creating. Pages is easy to use and it makes it a snap to get Word documents in and out. Also, I am using the iPad extensively for note-taking. It comes with me to every meeting and I find myself taking better notes as I listen more intently to capture what's being said. Also, I am starting to see iPads pop up in meetings. So maybe others are doing the same. Evernote on the iPad is particularly impressive but I am unsure how to enable it to geotag my notes.

The ergonomics and typing on glass takes time to get used to. At times I feel like I am typing on a digital picture frame. However, I find that when I type in horizontal mode I am getting pretty fast. At home and work I use an external keyboard. I am getting used to looking down at the screen too - it reminds me of ye olde typewriter days.

Where the iPad falls down is PowerPoint. If your decks are done on a PC and you bring them into Keynote or Photos apps, you're ready to present. This should cover my needs outside the office. However, Keynote for the iPad doesn't import PowerPoint files too well and it doesn't export to them at all, unless you are using the Mac desktop version too - which I am not in the office. So it's not ideal for editing and therefore true mobile productivity just yet. Hopefully, QuickOffice and Documents to Go will remedy this fast.

I also believe that slates are going to unlock a new era of creativity. I find myself using mind mapping more to problem solve and think up new ideas. My favorite mind mapping app, Mindnode, is tablet ready. Also I have downloaded Omnigraffle, Photogene and Layers and plan to integrate them into my workflow, particularly for enhancing my presentations. I know that other members of the broader Edelman team are already tinkering with these devices and thinking about ho they can be used in our work. I suspect the same is true at thousands of companies around the world.

Finally, it took awhile, but I finally found a Twitter client that takes advantage of the full screen and has all the features I need - notifications, the old re-tweet style, Instapaper support and more. It's called Tweetings It's a good stop-gap until a fully optimized version of Tweetie is released.

More to come as I wrap up the week. Next up, some thoughts on the iPad/slate's broader implications for marketers and PR professionals. As always, if you have questions, I am all ears.

4 Apr 2010

Going Tablet-Only for a Week

   
Click here to download:
Going_Tablet-Only_for_a_Week.zip (106 KB)

 

Some dates, we never forget - July 4, 1776, November 22, 1963 or September 11, 2001. Other dates, when we look back, we realize were significant, we just didn't see it at the time. One such date is August 9, 1995, Netscape's IPO, which Thomas Friedman notes was a watershed moment in the flattening of the Earth.

We may not realize today, but April 3, 2010 - the date the iPad debuted - is another date that falls into the latter camp. Like the Netscape IPO, we will look back on yesterday as the opening salvo in the next wave for computing. This is one that, by the way, Apple alone may not dominate. It's the date when tablets started to invade the collective consciousness of the everyman/woman.

I have been using computers since 1982 and have been online since 1988. You can read my odyssey here. I see the iPad as evolutionary. Now the iPad may not prove to be the ultimate winner. However, it will accelerate a broader trend that already is well underway - a "slimming down" of our tools, work streams and content systems. And like the desktop and mobile phone space, I expect there will be a number of winners, including HP - an Edelman client that has an awesome entry in this space coming.

But I as alluded, this isn't just about the iPad. It's about a bigger trend in how we're coping with what I call "The Attention Crash." With the glut of information now before us, tablets are going to help people simplify their flow. This is already happening. PCs will still be around for many years to come. But more of our work will be done on phones and tablets as the "atomic units" of content and computing slim down. Already...

* Stories and blog posts are giving way to Tweets and status updates
* Email is giving way to instant, text and direct messages * TV shows are giving way YouTube videos
* Applications are giving way to apps

I like to live a little bit in the future. Like the old Panasonic slogan, I want to be "just ahead" of my time. WIth this in mind, I am going to try an experiment this week. I am going to use my iPad as my primary work/personal content creation and consumption tool and take you along for the journey.

A lot of people are asking where tablets sit between a PC and a smart phone. To be honest, I don't know either. But maybe this week we'll find out together. This week is a good week to experiment because I will be in the office all week. I will use my desktop PC when I have to. For example, I am leading a webinar where I want to make sure all is working smoothly. And given that we are a PowerPoint-heavy organization, I will need my trusty HP desktop to edit some decks (the iPad doesn't support PowerPoint editing). However, for all else - email, writing, social networking, research, etc. - I will use the tablet and chronicle my results here and in my other streams.

I hope you'll come along to see the pros/cons of what the future might hold. I think we will see that we have a long way to go, but something big is starting and there will be lots of winners.

(This post was written on my iPad, paired with a Bluetooth keyboard - a must purchase, I can assure you.)

 

Steve Rubel's Posterous

Steve Rubel (bio) is SVP, Director of Insights for Edelman Digital, a division of Edelman - the world's largest independent PR firm.

He is charged with helping clients identify emerging technologies and trends that can be applied in marketing communications programs. Rubel also explores these topics on his site and in monthly columns for Forbes.com and Advertising Age. He can be found on Twitter and Facebook as well.

Steve can be reached via email at steverubel@gmail.com.

Note: Everything posted on this site is Steve's personal opinion. It does not represent the views of Edelman or its clients.